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| What
is TCP/IP |
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| TCP/IP stands for Transport
Control Protocol / Internet Protocol suite. TCP/IP was created in
1983 to replace NCP, because TCP/IP can successfully switch packets
from all shapes and sizes and varieties of networks. Therfore TCP/IP
has become the backbone of the Internet and its composite LANs and
WANs due to it's ability to switch packets from computer systems on
any network to another network, regardless of network peculiarities,
operating system differences and other packet differences. The TCP/IP
protocol suite refers to several separate protocols that computers
use to transfer data across the Internet, below are four of the most
commonly used TCP/IP protocols, |
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Components of TCP/IP
- IP - The Internet Protocol is a network layer protocol
that moves data between host computers.
- TCP - The Transport Control Protocol is a transport layer
protocol that moves multiple packet data between applications.
- UDP - The User Datagram Protocol is a transport layer
protocol like TCP but is less complex and reliable than TCP.
- ICMP - The Internet Control Message Protocol carries
network error messages and other network software requirements.
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| Computer networks use a standard
connection model which is called ISO/OSI. The ISO/OSI model has seven
layer which the TCP/IP protocol suite has implemented, below is a
list of the ISO/OSI layers and the TCP/IP counterpart layers, |
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ISO/OSI Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data-Link
Physical
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Function
file transfers, email, file servers
data formatting, encryption
negotiation and establishment of a connection
end to end data provision
routing of packets
transfer of addressable units of frames and error checking
transmission of binary data over a communications network |
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TCP/IP Protocols
TFTP, BOOTP, SNMP, FTP, SMTP, MIME
No protocol
No protocol
TCP, UDP
IP, ICMP, RIP, OSPF, BGP, IGMP
SLIP, CSLIP, PPP, ARP, RASP, MTU
ISO, 2110, IEEE, 802, IEEE 802.2
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